Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world.Despite all the complexity, there are methods with which you can make human life considerably easier.First of all, it is necessary to observe a certain diet.
If you adhere to a properly prescribed diet, diabetes does not affect general borehole, and the likelihood of different types of complications is also reduced, including heart attack, stroke, etc.
Types of diets
Dietary diet is determined depending on the type of disease itself and the age category.So there are general principles for the construction of the proper diet that are adapted to the basis of individual indicators of the human body.
Since it is impossible to heal the disease and reduce the risk of it, a certain menu is prescribed.The use of correct foods at a clearly defined time is required for:
- Reduction of the risks of chronic and acute complications;
- maintain good health and relatively strong immunity;
- Prevention of a set of excess weight or the removal of it;
- Preservation of blood sugar within permissible limits.
There are two types of diabetes.The first in other words are insulin -based.Its development is associated with the lesion and death of cells in the pancreas and is responsible for the production of insulin.
This aims to maintain the food to maintain the process of insulin therapy, and is more of an additional control method about the disease.His principles are similar to those who adhere to healthy people when achieving a good figure and the well.
The main difference is to calculate the number of carbohydrates.Since the treatment of 1 diabetes type consists of taking insulin, you must monitor carbohydrates in daily diet.As a rule, it should not be more than 60%.
Since type -2 diabetes it has also been insulin -dependent, developing in obese people.Accordingly, the nutritional diet is primarily.In the early stages of the disease or simply, the meaning lies in a rational way of excessive weight.
If diabetes of this type are achieved or even seriously, and then take the drugs that aim to reduce blood sugar or insulin levels in addition to nutrition.It is worth noting that in such cases special attention should be paid to physical exertion.Thanks to them, a problem such as obesity can be solved without surgical intervention.
The most popular diets are the so -called 8- and 9 table.The eighth nutrition table applies to those who suffer from overweight or have the tendency to complete.The ninth is regarded as the basis for determining the diet for diabetics.
Diet No. 9 for diabetes
Diet No. 9 is considered therapeutic and prescribed for normalizing the metabolism (carbohydrates).It also aims to prevent violations in connection with the fat metabolism.The calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
A similar diet is characterized as follows:
- The calorie content should be reduced by using animal fats and carbohydrates, which can be easily absorbed (with the exception of sweets and sugar).
- partially restriction or complete exclusion of cholesterol and salt;
- More consumption of more vitamins and fiber;
- The content of proteins should be within the norm.
The basis of all useful diets, including the ninth, is the right meal.It is often necessary to eat in small portions.Overall, the frequency should be 5 or 6 times a day.
Fry or steamed dishes should be eaten as little as possible or completely forget them.First, baked and cooked should be baked.It is best to develop a menu for a week because it is easier to monitor this.The following products should be given a special preference:
- low -fat meat;
- Low -fat fish;
- Vegetables that do not contain more than 5% carbohydrates;
- Fruits (not all);
- Natural drinks without sugar.
With spices and eggs, your consumption should be limited.This applies in particular to egg yolk.The number of proteins per day should not exceed 1.5 parts.In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the menu for diabetes, which also forbid pasta, butter and layered dough.
It is categorically impossible to consume bananas, data, figs, grapes and all of its derivatives.The same applies to fats such as pork, RAM and beef.To get the required fats, you should use butter (without salt) and vegetables in moderation.
The diet No. 9 acts as a basis that is used in prescribing the necessary diet.Depending on the personal indicators of a person suffering from diabetes, it is adapted.There are different types of diets that can be combined and find a suitable option for yourself.
What is a bread unit?
Since the importance of the right nutrition for diabetics is to consume carbohydrates in certain quantities, you should know how this estimated norm is determined, which depends on how much and which products you have to eat.
All products with carbohydrates, different physical properties, calorie content, etc. The usual measurement method is not subject to these characteristics.In addition, diet for diabetes requires increased control over its own daily norm.
In order to determine how much you need to eat or this product and do not go beyond what is permissible, nutritionists introduced the term "bread unit".The concept is used in cases where an insulin is prescribed diabetics.
With such a measured unit, it is much easier for a person to understand what can eat and drink and what is impossible.It makes the healthy menu based on personal indicators and can also change some products to others that contain carbohydrates.
As a rule, one person must consume a person of 18 to 25 such units.Since there are five meals, it is logically rational to distribute this amount to all time.The main dose should get into the body in the morning.To monitor the number of bread units used, you can paint the menu during the day.
How many calories to consume a day?
The diet for diabetes requires leaving many products and dishes that could previously enter the daily diet.However, do not confuse food that enables the sugar content to normalize with the loss of additional kilos.
The power supply for diabetes of the 1st type aims to correctly calculate how much insulin is required.The calorie content in this case does not play such an important role.It has to be monitored so as not to gain weight.
The type -2 diabetes really requires increased control over consumed calories, since it often develops exactly against the background of obesity.However, it is also not worthwhile to bring you to fanaticism for calculation.
The number of calories per day is calculated depending on the individual indicators of the body.The nutrition itself should be low, zarbig, but it does not implied a complete absence of carbohydrates.It is necessary to eat, but it is important not to eat too much.
When the question arises what type -2 -diabetes eat, many believe that they have to be on almost just crackers and water.This is categorically impossible.The food should be full and contain vitamins and fiber.
There are various recipes of delicious, satisfactory and at the same time useful dishes that do not allow it to get better, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy.Which specific products should be consumed and which approximate number of calories per day is permitted with his doctor.
Useful and harmful products
Low carbohydrates are different.For a healthy person, they are less strict than for those who diagnosed diabetes.But their meaning is the same.They vary in the main list of products that are divided into healthy and harmful for diabetics.
Useful
- All kinds of vegetables;
- Grüns (spinach, sour steamer, dill);
- Mushrooms;
- Meat and fish (low -fat);
- Coffee and tea;
- Mineral water.
Harmful
Moderately creation of sugar:
- Potato;
- Grain;
- Pasta, including solid varieties;
- Sour dairy products.
Raise strong sugar:
- Sweets;
- Honey;
- Drinks with sugar;
- Alcohol;
- Grapes and its derivatives;
- Sharp and salty spices.
Such a product division is generally assumed and is often assumed as the basis for the development of a menu for diabetes.But what is useful for one can be harmful to others.Since everything is relative, an individual diet is put together for every diabetic.
How to eat with obesity
There is an opinion that it is necessary to lose weight on a strict diet with low California in order to lose weight.The fact is, however, that this does not work.Numerous studies have shown that nothing happens with a decrease in the caloricity of their diet, apart from a constant feeling of hunger, against hungry fainting, nervousness and other things.
With such a diet, it will be possible to literally lose a few kilograms, but if the body has been differentiated by elasticity and good muscles, then everything will be left in the first place.Subcutaneous fats do not go anywhere and sometimes more accumulate.
The protein diet includes active protein consumption and a parallel decrease in the amount of fats and carbohydrates.The approach itself is not bad, but there are also nuances here.Here, too, it is impossible to overdo it with proteins, and it is completely prohibited from the fats from the diet.The lack of carbohydrates will lead to a loss of vital energy.
As a result, everything comes back to a low carbohydrate diet.In itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar.In weight loss, it is not a lifeguard, but of all presented people who are best.Its earnings are that all the necessary elements that are needed to maintain important activities fall into the body.
So if there is a rational amount of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, no deposits have to be made.The metabolism begins to work as a watch, there is no chronic feeling of hunger, the symptoms of the disease disappear in practical terms and a person becomes more active.
Diet for type -1 diabetes
The same low carbohydrate diet is required to maintain the normal body condition for type -1 diabetes.But in this case it should be strict.The table number here does not play a special role, although diet No. 9 is often adopted as the basis.
The problem is that even the effect of insulin is very different, so it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators.Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to a certain diet.The fewer carbohydrates get into the body, the less insulin needs.
It is to be understood that his own diet is associated with the personal dosage of insulin.When developing your menu, you must therefore take into account the amount of the drug.It is better to paint it during the day to make it easier.
Type -2 -Diabetes diet
Since type -2 diabetes is less complicated than the 1.The low -carbohydrate diet is also recommended here.Of course, this is an approximate diet that is adjusted.Its importance in the normalization of glucose and insulin in the blood as well as in control of insulin resistance.
Some practice different tablets for weight loss and treatment with folk remedies.The first should generally be forgotten, since in the best case there are no use of these medication.
Folk remedies usually exist in all vegetable infusions and decocements.If you really understand healing plants, it can be possible to do something out of it, but this is not worth it.
Kidney failure
Against the background of the disease, kidney failure can develop.It should be understood that it is not caused by food protein, as many wrongly believe, but by increased blood sugar.
The active development of such a disease is suspended when the glucose level is normalized.Diet helps.Squirrels from the diet are not excluded, but they have to work with carbohydrates.The right nutrition, which is available to the simple people, can even lead to the kidneys completely recover.
However, if the process is brought to extreme, there will be no return to healthy kidneys.In addition, the diet with low carbohydrates can accelerate the destructive process.In order not to make this, you have to monitor your condition, and the table created for yourself helps to control the strength in which the dishes and doses of insulin are painted.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age.In the case of children, it can arise against the background of the fact that it was excessive with meal products, sweets, etc. After the problem was discovered in time and it has been solved correctly, complications can be avoided.
In women, the disease can occur for various reasons.Constant stress, plenty of existing nutrition (mainly harmful products) and inactivity can lead to overweight and consequently type -2 diabetes.
Very often there is a situation in which the disease occurred during pregnancy.This is due to violations in the hormonal background.In addition, a woman can actively consume products during this time that can cause diabetes.
As a rule, a less strict diet for pregnant women who aim to normalize processes in the body and partially reduce the weight without damage to the fetus.
With pregnancy diabetes or diabetes against the background of pregnancy, strict nutrition should only be given with a specialist.The diet should be adjusted, taking into account the fact that there is a parallel development of the fetus.If you rule out products, you can harm the unborn child.
In men, type -2 diabetes develops somewhat less frequently than in women.This is due to the fact that you have a somewhat accelerated metabolism.But harmful food, alcohol addiction and insignificant physical activity easily lead to such a problem.